On June 13, Israel launched a major airstrike on over 100 locations in Iran using 200 fighter jets, sparking fears of a new war. The attacks killed key Iranian military leaders, including Major General Mohammad Bagheri and Major General Hossein Salami, as well as six nuclear scientists. Iran reported civilian casualties, including women and children.
After these strikes, many wonder which country is stronger militarily and who has the upper hand in defense. While no exact answer exists, examining their military budgets, forces, and weaponry gives a clearer picture.
According to the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) and other sources, Iran has about 610,000 active military personnel, including the regular army, Revolutionary Guards, navy, air force, and air defense units. Iran also maintains a reserve force of 350,000. Military service is mandatory for most Iranian men aged 18 and above.
Israel’s active military personnel number around 169,500, including army, navy, and air force. It also has a large reserve force of 465,000. Military service is compulsory for most men and women aged 18 and older, with some exceptions.
In terms of defense spending, Iran’s military budget in 2023 was approximately $10.3 billion. Israel’s was much higher at $27.5 billion, boosted by increased conflict activity after October 2023.
Looking at equipment, Iran has over 10,500 tanks, nearly 7,000 artillery pieces, and more than 640 armored vehicles. Its air force operates around 312 combat aircraft and some helicopters. The Iranian navy has 17 submarines and numerous patrol and landing ships.
Israel, on the other hand, has about 400 tanks, 530 artillery guns, and over 1,190 armored vehicles. Its air force operates 345 combat aircraft and 43 attack helicopters. The Israeli navy has five submarines and 49 patrol and coastal vessels.
Israel’s air defense relies on the Iron Dome system, which has successfully intercepted many missiles. It also uses advanced systems like David’s Sling and the Arrow missile to protect against medium and long-range threats. Iran uses various Russian and locally made air defense systems, including the Bavar-373, and has deployed infrared detection systems like Azarakhsh.
Regarding ballistic missiles, Iran possesses at least a dozen different types, with ranges up to 2,000 km. Israel has fewer missile types but includes long-range Jericho-3 missiles, capable of reaching up to 6,500 km.
When it comes to nuclear weapons, Israel is believed to have around 90 nuclear warheads. Iran does not currently possess nuclear weapons but has an advanced nuclear program. Iran’s Supreme Leader issued a religious decree banning nuclear arms but warned in May 2025 that Iran could reconsider if its existence is threatened.